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1.
Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) ; (6): 948-951, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-942102

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effects of loupes and microscope on the posture of prosthodontists when preparing the laminate veneer, and to assess the clinical value of loupes and microscope from the ergonomic aspects.@*METHODS@#Twenty young prosthodontists from Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were recruited into this study, which was a prospective, single blind, self-control trials. The research hypothesis was concealed and the participants were deceived about the precise purpose of the study to counterbalance the lack of direct blinding. The prosthodontists prepared laminate veneers of open window type in the artificial dental model, under routine visual field (control group), 2.5× headwear loupes (loupes group), and 8× operating microscope (microscopic group) by turning. The participants were photographed from profile view and front view. Thereafter, the subjective assessment was performed by themselves using the visual analogue score (VAS). The expert assessment was performed by two professors using modified-dental operator posture assessment instrument on the basis of photographs of the profile view and front view.@*RESULTS@#The subjective assessment scores for the control group, loupes group and microscopic group were 4.55±1.96, 7.90±1.12, and 9.00±0.92, respectively. There was significant difference between the three groups' subjective scores (P < 0.05). The expert assessment scores for the control group, loupes group and microscopic group were 16.38±1.52, 15.15±1.30, and 13.60±0.88, respectively. There was significant difference between the three groups' expert assessment scores (P < 0.05). Specifically, the three groups' expert assessment scores were significantly different (P < 0.05) in trunk position (front to back) (1.33±0.41, 1.03±0.11, 1.00±0.00), head and neck position (front to back) (2.75±0.38, 2.13±0.36, 1.23±0.38), elbows level (1.38±0.43, 1.40±0.45, 1.13±0.22), and shoulders level (1.43±0.41, 1.23±0.34, 1.13±0.28). Thereinto, the microscopic group was better than loupes group in head and neck position (front to back) and elbows level (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Loupes and microscope improve the posture of the prosthodontist when preparing the laminate veneer, in which the microscope is better than loupes. Therefore, the magnification devices have clinical value from the ergonomic aspects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dentists , Ergonomics , Posture , Prospective Studies , Single-Blind Method
2.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 39(2): 337-351, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141172

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a alta demanda diária para desempenhar os serviços, aliada ao descuido com o bem-estar laboral, acaba causando uma má postura na hora dos atendimentos, acarretando problemas osteomusculares, dor e, consequentemente, doenças ocupacionais. Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento dos acadêmicos nos diferentes semestres do curso de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior situada na cidade de Vitória da Conquista ­ Bahia, acerca dos princípios ergonômicos aplicados à prática clínica, além de investigar sintomas associados às doenças ocupacionais. Metodologia: foram selecionados, de forma aleatória, 186 alunos matriculados nas clínicas da faculdade, os quais foram convidados a responder a dois questionários contendo perguntas relacionadas ao conceito de ergonomia e a doenças ocupacionais na Odontologia. Foi aplicado o teste qui-quadradro de Pearson; nos casos em que a frequência esperada foi menor que cinco (n < 5), foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher (p<0,05). Resultados: cerca de 69% dos graduandos demonstraram total insciênciasobre a ergonomia, 87% apresentaram pouco conhecimento a respeito das doenças ocupacionais da Odontologia, 75% consideraram insatisfatório o conhecimento sobre ergonomia na faculdade e cerca de 76% queixaram-se de dores osteomusculares em pelo menos um local anatômico do seu corpo. Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstrou o pouco conhecimento dos estudantes Oe odontologia a respeito dessa temática e o possível desenvolvimento de doenças osteomusculares ainda na graduação.


Introduction: The high daily demand to perform the services allied to the carelessness with the job well-being lead to a bad posture at the appointments, causing musculoskeletal problems, pain, and, consequently, occupational diseases. Objective: to evaluate the knowledge of students in the different semesters of the Dentistry course of a Higher Education Institution located in the city of Vitória da Conquista - Bahia, on the ergonomic principles applied to clinical practice, and investigate the symptoms associated with occupational diseases. Methodology: 186 students enrolled in the college clinics were randomly selected and invited to answer two questionnaires, containing questions related to the concept of ergonomics and occupational diseases in dentistry. Pearson's chi-square test was applied; in cases that the expected frequency was less than five (n<5), Fisher´s exact test was used (p<0.05). Results: around 69% of the undergraduates demonstrated total unawareness about ergonomics, 87% had little knowledge about occupational diseases in Dentistry, 75% consider the knowledge about ergonomics in college unsatisfactory, and about 76% complained of musculoskeletal pain in at least one anatomical site of their body. Conclusion: the presente study demonstrated Dentistry students have little knowledge about this theme and the possible development of musculoskeletal diseases while still in the undergraduate course.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Diseases , Dental Clinics , Ergonomics/instrumentation
3.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 33: eAPE20190042, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1100850

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Classificar atividades realizadas por enfermeiros, identificar interrupções e verificar fatores humanos e ambientais associados às interrupções. Métodos Estudo observacional realizado com amostra composta por 25 enfermeiros que trabalham em unidades pediátricas ou de adultos, cirúrgicas ou de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário. Resultados Observamos 2.295 atividades, a maioria classificada como assistência indireta ao paciente (38,6%) e assistência direta ao paciente (22,5%). Setecentos e dezenove (31,3%) atividades interrompidas foram identificadas, com média de 1,6 interrupções na mesma atividade, totalizando 1.180 interrupções. Houve maior número de interrupções durante o cuidado indireto (44,7%), e suas principais fontes foram equipe de enfermagem (43,3%) e médicos e residentes (16,5%). O número de indivíduos nas unidades (profissionais e familiares/acompanhantes), a proporção de pacientes em alta dependência e o número de profissionais de saúde influenciaram o número de interrupções. Conclusão Houve interrupções em todos os tipos de atividades realizadas pelos enfermeiros, mesmo naquelas caracterizadas como intervenções à beira do leito, o que pode comprometer a segurança do paciente.


Resumen Objetivo Clasificar actividades realizadas por enfermeros, identificar interrupciones y verificar factores humanos y ambientales asociados a las interrupciones. Métodos Estudio observacional realizado con muestra compuesta por 25 enfermeros que trabajan en unidades pediátricas o de adultos, quirúrgicas o de cuidados intensivos de un hospital universitario. Resultados Observamos 2.295 actividades, la mayoría clasificada como atención indirecta al paciente (38,6%) y atención directa al paciente (22,5%). Se identificaron 719 (31,3%) actividades interrumpidas, con un promedio de 1,6 interrupciones de la misma actividad, totalizando 1.180 interrupciones. Hubo mayor número de interrupciones durante el cuidado indirecto (44,7%) y sus principales fuentes fueron el equipo de enfermería (43,3%) y médicos y residentes (16,5%). El número de individuos en las unidades (profesionales y familiares/acompañantes), la proporción de pacientes de alta dependencia y el número de profesionales de la salud influyeron en el número de interrupciones. Conclusión Hubo interrupciones en todos los tipos de actividades realizadas por los enfermeros, inclusive en aquellas caracterizadas como intervenciones a pie de cama, lo que puede comprometer la seguridad del paciente.


Abstract Objective To classify activities performed by nurses, to identify interruptions and to verify human and environmental factors associated with interruptions. Methods Observational study conducted with a sample comprising 25 nurses working in pediatric or adult, surgical or intensive care units of a university hospital. Results We observed 2,295 activities, most of them were classified as indirect patient care (38.6%) and direct patient care (22.5%). Seven hundred and nineteen (31.3%) interrupted activities were identified, with mean of 1.6 interruptions in the same activity, thus totaling 1,180 interruptions. There was greater number of interruptions during the indirect care (44.7%), and their main sources were the nursing (43.3%), and the physicians and residents (16.5%) staffs. The number of individuals in the units (staff and family/visitors), the proportion of patients under high-dependency, the number of healthcare and allied professionals influenced the number of interruptions. Conclusion There were interruptions in all types of activities performed by the nurses, even in those characterized as bedside interventions, which can jeopardize patient safety.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Safety Management , Practice Management , Observational Studies as Topic , Patient Safety , Patient Care , Nurses , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Health Personnel , Withholding Treatment
4.
Dent. press endod ; 9(3): 50-56, Sept-Dec.2019. Tab, Ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1343721

ABSTRACT

Introdução: a prática da Endodontia exige do profissional longas sessões clínicas e movimentos repetitivos na execução de manobras que exigem esforço excessivo e, muitas vezes, manutenção de postura inadequada, fatores que contribuem de forma significativa para o surgimento de sintomas dolorosos relacionados a distúrbios osteomusculares referentes ao trabalho (DORTs). Métodos: o presente estudo consistiu na aplicação de um instrumento de coleta de dados ­ que constou de dois questionários compostos por questões abertas, fechadas e mistas ­ em vinte e cinco profissionais da Odontologia com especialidade de Endodontia do município de Maringá/ PR. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente com o auxílio do software Statistica 8.0 e realizado o teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: as regiões relatadas com presença de dor foram: região lombar, pescoço, braços e ombros. Os profissionais que usavam somente instrumentação rotatória não relataram dor nos braços, cotovelos, punho / dedo / mão e quadril; porém, todos apresentaram dor na região lombar e no pescoço. Entre os que utilizam somente instrumentação manual, todos afirmaram sentir dor nos locais apresentados, principalmente na região dorsal e lombar. Conclusão: o presente estudo sugere que os endodontistas estão expostos a fatores de risco em adquirir algum tipo de LER/DORT, estando diretamente associado à atividade profissional e, também, à técnica de instrumentação utilizada, sendo que as regiões mais acometidas estão relacionadas com a rotação do corpo durante o procedimento e de posturas inadequadas (AU).


Introduction: The practice of endodontics involves of long sessions and repetitive movements during the execution of maneuvers that require considerable effort often in an uncomfortable position. Such factors exert a significant influence on the emergence of symptoms related to musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: Two questionnaires were administered to 25 endodontists in the city of Maringá, Brazil. Data analysis involved Fisher's exact test with the aid of Statistica 8.0. Results: Pain was more frequent in the lower back, neck, arms and shoulders. Endodontists who used rotary equipment did not report pain in the arms, elbows, wrist/fingers/hand or hips, but all participants reported low back and neck pain. Those who only used manual instruments reported pain in all sites, especially the back. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that endodontists are exposed to risk factors for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, which are directly associated with the professional activity and the use of manual instruments. The most affected anatomic regions are related to the rotation of the body during theprocedure and inadequate posture (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Posture , Cumulative Trauma Disorders , Neck Pain , Endodontics , Pain , Symptom Flare Up , Ergonomics , Lumbosacral Region
5.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 18(4): 1195-1214, out.-dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-994984

ABSTRACT

O período de 1870 a 1920 é conhecido como aquele no qual diversos teóricos da psicologia estadunidense estabelecem as diretrizes teóricas e políticas da independência da disciplina frente às demais ciências e às reflexões filosóficas. A psicologia comparada proposta por Robert Mearns Yerkes é uma das mais importantes do final do século XIX e das duas primeiras décadas do século seguinte. As obras do autor referentes à evolução do sistema nervoso central e periférico e suas relações com a inteligência, em conjunto com a psicologia militar e a eugenia, possibilitam, ao menos em parte, a concretização da engenharia humana e de suas futuras aplicações em diversos setores da sociedade estadunidense como instrumento de dominação da classe dominante. Como se trata de uma obra vasta e variadas aplicações na vida cotidiana, pensamos que essa primeira aproximação seja aprofundada em futuras investigações acerca dos movimentos da classe trabalhadora durante o processo de modernização da indústria e da grande reforma social pela qual a sociedade estadunidense à época. Movimentos amplamente desprezados pela historiografia da psicologia estadunidense.(AU)


The period from 1870 to 1920 is known as the one in which several theorists of American psychology establish the theoretical and political guidelines of the discipline's independence from other sciences and philosophical domain. The comparative psychology proposed by Robert Mearns Yerkes is one of the most important of the late nineteenth century and the first two decades of the following century. The author's works on the evolution of the central and peripheral nervous system and its relations with intelligence, taken together with military psychology and eugenics, enable, at least in part, the concretization of human engineering and its future applications in various sectors of the American society as an instrument of domination of the ruling class. As it is a vast work and of varied applications in everyday life, we think that this first approximation will be deepened in future investigations about the movements of the working class during the process of modernization of the industry and of the great social reform by which the American society happened to the time. These movements were widely neglected by the historiography of American psychology.(AU)


El período de 1870 a 1920 es conocido como aquel en el cual diversos teóricos de la psicología estadounidense establecen las directrices teóricas y políticas de la independencia de la disciplina frente a las demás ciencias y reflexiones filosóficas. La psicología comparada propuesta por Robert Mearns Yerkes es una de las más importantes del fin del siglo XIX y de las dos primeras décadas del siglo siguiente. Las obras del autor referentes a la evolución del sistema nervioso central y periférico y sus relaciones con la inteligencia, en conjunto con la psicología militar y la eugenesia, posibilitan, al menos en parte, la concreción de la ingeniería humana y de sus futuras aplicaciones en diversos sectores de la sociedad estadounidense como instrumento de dominación de la clase dominante. Como se trata de una obra vasta y de variadas aplicaciones en la vida cotidiana, esperamos que esa primera aproximación sea profundizada en futuras investigaciones acerca de los movimientos de la clase trabajadora durante el proceso de modernización de la industria y de la gran reforma social por la que la sociedad estadounidense pasaba en esa época. Estos movimientos fueron ampliamente despreciados por la historiografía de la psicología estadounidense.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Psychology/history , Ergonomics , Psychology, Comparative , Psychology, Military , Eugenia , Nervous System
6.
Hacia promoc. salud ; 23(1): 26-40, ene.-jun. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-892547

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar el proceso realizado y su aplicación para la identificación y categorización de comportamientos posturales sedentes de alumnos en clase, utilizando captura en vídeo y el desarrollo de una matriz gráfica para registro postural. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron estudiantes de segundo a once grado de escolaridad (entre 7 y 16 años de edad) pertenecientes a una institución de educación mixta en Bogotá, Colombia. Se registraron en diez vídeos las posturas sedentes de veinte estudiantes distribuidos de acuerdo a la edad, el grado de escolaridad y la dinámica escolar (individual/grupal). Las posturas observadas fueron dibujadas, categorizadas y plasmadas en una matriz gráfica utilizada como instrumento para señalarlas y luego se consolidó una base de datos. Resultados: Se identificaron 138 variaciones posturales, clasificadas en siete categorías. La matriz se aplicó para comparar la frecuencia de las posturas adoptadas durante la primera y la segunda mitad de la clase en dinámica individual, la frecuencia rotación de cuello entre las dos dinámicas escolares y la frecuencia de las categorías posturales entre las dinámicas de clase. Conclusiones: La matriz gráfica es una herramienta de tamizaje de tipo cualitativo, que con la elaboración de una base de datos posibilita calcular frecuencias de movimiento en partes del cuerpo (cuello, extremidades, tronco) y porcentajes de tiempo de permanencia en las categorías establecidas o en determinada variación postural, sin la necesidad de contar con equipos o con software especializados ni con personal técnico experto para la recolección y análisis de datos.


Abstract Objective: To present the process conducted and its application in order to identify and categorize the seated posture behavior of students in the classroom, using video capture and the development of a graphic matrix to register postures. Material and method: Students from second to eleven grade (between 7 and 16 years of age) male and female from a coeducational school in Bogotá, Colombia participated in the study. The seated postures of 20 students, distributed according to age, school grade, and school dynamics (individual / group), were recorded in ten videos. The postures observed were drawn, categorized and captured in a graphical matrix used as an instrument to identify them, and then, a database was consolidated. Results: A total of 138 posture variations were identified and classified into seven categories. The matrix was applied to compare the frequency of the postures adopted during the first and second half of the class in individual dynamics, the frequency of neck rotation between the two school dynamics, and the frequency of posture categories between class dynamics. Conclusions: The graphic matrix is a qualitative type screening tool which, with the elaboration of a database, makes it possible to calculate the frequencies of movement in the body parts (neck, extremities, and trunk) and percentages of time of permanence in the established categories or in certain posture variation, without the need for specialized equipment or software, or specialized technical staff for data collection and analysis.


Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar o processo realizado e sua aplicação para a identificação e categorização de comportamentos e como se sentam os alunos na sala de aula, utilizando captura em vídeo e o desenvolvimento de uma matriz gráfica para registro da sua expressão corporal. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram estudantes de segunda serie a oitava serie do primeiro grau e estudantes de primeira a terceira serie do segundo grau (de 7 a 16 anos de idade) pertencente a uma instituição de educação mista em Bogotá, Colômbia. Registraram se em dez vídeos dos alunos na sala de aula, de vinte estudantes distribuídos de acordo à idade, o grau de escolaridade e a dinâmica escolar (individual/grupal). A maneira de sentar - sem observadas foram desenhadas, categorizadas e plasmadas em uma matriz gráfica utilizada como instrumento para sinais e logo se consolidou uma base de dados. Resultados: Identificaram-se 138 variações da forma se sentarem-se, classificadas em sete categorias. A matriz se aplicou para comparar as fraquezas das posturas adotadas durante a primeira e a segunda metade da classe em dinâmica individual, a freqüência rotação de pescoço entre as duas dinâmicas escolares e a freqüência das categorias da forma na qual os estudantes se sentam entre as dinâmicas de classe. Conclusões: A matriz gráfica uma ferramenta de Tamisagem de tipo qualitativo, que com a elaboração de uma base de dados possibilita calcular freqüências de movimento em partes do corpo (pescoço, extremidades, tronco) e porcentagens de tempo de permanência nas categorias estabelecidas ou em determinada variação postural, sem precisar contar com equipes ou com softwares especializados nem com pessoal técnico esperto para a colheita e analise de dados.


Subject(s)
Posture , Schools , Child , Database
7.
Cienc. Trab ; 19(58): 1-6, abr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-839739

ABSTRACT

Se ha identificado una sobrecarga laboral en mujeres durante el embarazo. Suelen presentar una alta prevalencia de trastornos mús culo-esqueléticos, no obstante existe poca evidencia sobre su progresión en los trimestres y asociación con carga de trabajo. OBJETIVO: Describir la carga de trabajo, factor físico biomecánico y percepción de molestias músculo-esqueléticas (PMME) en trabajadoras embara zadas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de diseño observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Muestreo por conveniencia de 80 mujeres emba razadas de la Unidad de Medicina Materno Fetal del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile. Se describe la muestra a través de la evaluación de carga de trabajo, factores físicos biomecánicos, dificultades percibidas al realizar su tarea mediante una hoja de recolección de información diseñada específicamente para la investigación, usan do metodología en ergonomía. RESULTADOS: Las PMME presentan una prevalencia de un 90%, destacando la zona de la espalda baja y cadera/nalgas/muslos. Las posturas mantenidas o forzadas fueron el factor más prevalente. Una de cada 6 embarazadas refirieron continuar realizando manejo manual de carga. La mayoría de las trabaja doras presentaron un alto riesgo en su carga de trabajo. CONCLUSIONES PRINCIPALES: Las embarazadas están expuestas a altos niveles de carga de trabajo determinado por exigencia mental.


It have been detected overload work among women during preg nancy. Often they present a high prevalence on HYPERLINK “https://www.google.cl/search?q=work+related+musculoskeletal+disorder&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiw2IS2gePTAhWDD5AKHbK5DcoQvwUIIigA” work related musculoskeletal disorder; however there is little evidence about their progression during the pregnancy's trimester and the association with work load. OBJECTIVE: Describe work load, physical and biomechanical factors, perception of musculoskeletal discomfort (PMSD) in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sampling by convenience of 80 pregnant women of the Maternal-fetal care unit of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. The sample is described trough the evaluation of workload, physical and biome chanical factors, trouble performing tasks by means of a sheet of collection of information created for this investigation, using ergo nomics methodology. RESULTS: The PMSD present a prevalence of 90%, stands out the lower back and hips/buttocks/thigh areas. The forced or maintained postures ware the most prevalent factor. One in six pregnant women referred continuing performing weight manual handling tasks. Most of the women presents high workload. MAIN CONCLUSION: Pregnant women are exposed to high levels of workload determined by mental exigence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Women, Working , Biomechanical Phenomena , Workload , Musculoskeletal Pain/psychology , Ergonomics , Chile , Pilot Projects , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Analysis of Variance , Maternal-Child Health Services , Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology , Hospitals, University
8.
Rev. Odontol. Araçatuba (Impr.) ; 38(1): 19-26, Jan.-Abr. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-876030

ABSTRACT

Avaliar os conhecimentos adquiridos sobre ergonomia pelos acadêmicos de Odontologia e sua aplicação no atendimento clínico, através de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, pelos testes de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, considerando a significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05). A amostra foi constituída de 145 alunos, sendo 72% do sexo feminino, idade média de 23,1 anos. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis: seguir as normas e ter dificuldade para realizá-las (p = 0,021); seguir as normas ergonômicas e posicionar as costas levemente inclinadas (p<0,001); manter os braços apoiados ao tórax (p=0,044). Quanto à prática de alongamento para prevenir lesões não foi observada associação estatisticamente significante. O incômodo em relação ao não cumprimento das normas de ergonomia foi relatado por 72,3% de indivíduos que seguem as normas e por 97,05% que não seguem, observando-se associação estatisticamente significante (p=0,002). O incômodo relatado esteve associado estatisticamente (p<0,05) com o cumprimento das normas de ergonomia (p=0,002), com a dificuldade de seguir as normas de ergonomia (p=0,001) e por considerar a ergonomia fator importante (p=0,031). Também foi estatisticamente significante a associações entre o período cursado e o cumprimento das normas de ergonomia (p=0,011) e entre o período cursado e a presença de incômodo devido à falta de ergonomia (p=0,016). Apesar do relato do conhecimento sobre as normas ergonômicas, muitos não aplicam por dificuldade em segui-las, embora os incômodos sentidos devido ao não cumprimento da ergonomia não foram estatisticamente significantes(AU)


Assess knowledge acquired by dental students and its enforcement in clininal care through a cross sectional study with quantitative approach. Data was statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS, by chi-square and Fisher exact tests, considering the statistical significance of 5% (p<0.05). The sample consists 145 students, 72% female, whose mean age is 23.1. There was a statistically significant association between those variables: following the rules and having difficulties in performing them (p=0.021); following ergonomic standards and positioning the back slightly tilted (p<0.001); keeping the arms on the chest (p = 0.044). Statistically significant association was not observed in the practice of stretching in order to prevent injury. Nuisance for not fulfilling the ergonomic standards was reported by 72.3% of the individuals who follow the rules and 97,05% by the ones who don't, with that, detecting statistically significant association (p = 0.002). This discomfort was statistically associated (p<0.05) with compliance of ergonomic standards (p = 0.002), with the difficulty of following the ergonomics standards (p = 0.001) and for considering ergonomics an important factor (p = 0.031). It was also statistically significant associations between coursed term and compliance with ergonomic standards (p = 0.011) and between coursed period and the presence of nuisance due to lack of ergonomics. (p = 0.016). In spite of stating knowledge of ergonomics rules, many do not fulfill them for difficulty, although the specific discomfort for not complying ergonomics was not statistically significant(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental , Occupational Risks , Ergonomics
9.
Clin. biomed. res ; 37(3): 187-192, 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-859763

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Sistemáticas transversais permitem identificar soluções tecnológicas que melhor atendam às necessidades dos usuários, sendo assim críticas para otimização de recursos financeiros e melhoria da qualidade do serviço prestado. Dessa forma, o presente projeto de pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar uma análise transversal das demandas dos usuários finais, profissionais da saúde e pacientes, quanto às poltronas utilizadas para assistência no Serviço de Onco-Hematologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Métodos: Entrevistas semiestruturadas com perguntas abertas foram conduzidas no próprio local de atendimento em cada unidade de saúde: Ambulatório de Quimioterapia, Banco de Sangue e Hospital Dia. A população da pesquisa foi definida por meio da identificação dos usuários com forte interação com a poltrona para assistência e seu tamanho considerando o critério de ponto de saturação. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 15 profissionais de saúde e 16 pacientes entre setembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. Verificou-se que o conforto foi a demanda mais indicada por profissionais de saúde e pacientes, sendo as demais demandas similares, independentemente do tempo de atendimento, número de pacientes por turno ou carga horária de trabalho. Conclusões: Acredita-se que a análise transversal das demandas dos usuários possibilita a melhora da qualidade da assistência e otimização do emprego de recursos financeiros por permitir a seleção de soluções tecnológicas que melhor atendem às necessidades dos usuários finais, tais como pacientes e profissionais de saúde (AU)


Introduction: The cross-sectional analysis allows managers to identify technological solutions that best meet users' needs, which are critical for optimizing costs and improving service quality. Therefore, this paper aimed at applying a cross-sectional analysis to identify the demands of end users, healthcare professionals, and patients, related to the armchairs available at the Onco-Hematology department of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted using open questions at each healthcare facility: Chemotherapy Clinic, Blood Bank, and Day Hospital. The study group was selected by identifying users with strong interaction with the armchair and the population sample size was defined by the saturation point criterion. Results: A total of 15 health professionals and 16 patients were interviewed between September 2015 and January 2016. It was observed that comfort was the most indicated demand both by healthcare professionals and patients, and the remaining demands were similar, regardless of duration of care, number of patients per shift, and working hours. Conclusions: A cross-sectional analysis of users' demands improves the quality of care provided and cost optimization rates, as it enables the selection of technological solutions better suited to the needs of end users, such as patients and healthcare professionals (AU)


Subject(s)
Equipment and Supplies, Hospital , Health Services Needs and Demand , Patient Care , Equipment Design , Hospitals , Ergonomics , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Patients , Task Performance and Analysis
10.
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology ; : e70-2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-54950

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To better understand the ergonomics associated with robotic surgery including physical discomfort and symptoms, factors influencing symptom reporting, and robotic surgery systems components recommended to be improved. METHODS: The anonymous survey included 20 questions regarding demographics, systems, ergonomics, and physical symptoms and was completed by experienced robotic surgeons online through American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) and Society of Robotic Surgery (SRS). RESULTS: There were 289 (260 gynecology, 22 gynecology-oncology, and 7 urogynecology) gynecologic surgeon respondents regularly practicing robotic surgery. Statistical data analysis was performed using the t-test, χ² test, and logistic regression. One hundred fifty-six surgeons (54.0%) reported experiencing physical symptoms or discomfort. Participants with higher robotic case volume reported significantly lower physical symptom report rates (p<0.05). Gynecologists who felt highly confident about managing ergonomic settings not only acknowledged that the adjustments were helpful for better ergonomics but also reported a lower physical symptom rate (p<0.05). In minimizing their symptoms, surgeons changed ergonomic settings (32.7%), took a break (33.3%) or simply ignored the problem (34%). Fingers and neck were the most common body parts with symptoms. Eye symptom complaints were significantly decreased with the Si robot (p<0.05). The most common robotic system components to be improved for better ergonomics were microphone/speaker, pedal design, and finger clutch. CONCLUSION: More than half of participants reported physical symptoms which were found to be primarily associated with confidence in managing ergonomic settings and familiarity with the system depending on the volume of robotic cases. Optimal guidelines and education on managing ergonomic settings should be implemented to maximize the ergonomic benefits of robotic surgery.


Subject(s)
Anonyms and Pseudonyms , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Demography , Education , Fingers , Gynecology , Human Body , Ergonomics , Logistic Models , Neck , Recognition, Psychology , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Surgeons , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Cienc. Trab ; 18(57): 145-149, dic. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-839729

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil de los funcionarios de una oficina de una institución de enseñanza superior con relación a las tareas desarrolladas y a sus manifestaciones de dolor, incomodidad corporal. Hicieron parte de este estudio 41 funcionarios que desempeñan sus actividades laborales en posición sentada. Los instrumentos utilizados en la colecta de datos fueron: la escala de Dolor o incomodidad corporal, o método RULA y el banco de Wells. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva (media, desviación estándar, frecuencia relativa) y estadística inferencial. En cuanto al análisis de las posiciones de los diferentes segmentos se observó que ninguna posición fue considerada aceptable; en pocas palabras, todas las posturas generan un riesgo a la salud del trabajador. Consideramos de esta manera un perfil negativo de los funcionarios del presente estudio con relación a la presencia de manifestación de dolor, incomodidad corporal, posiciones y sobrecarga biomecánica durante la realización de tareas y nivel de flexibilidad corporal. Que separadamente o en conjunto causan riesgo a la salud del trabajador afectando posiblemente su desempeño y calidad de vida.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the profile of the employees of a Secretary of an Education Institution with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body. Participants were 41 employees who perform their work activities in sitting on computerized terminals. The instruments used in data collection were: Scale of Pain and/or Discomfort Body, RULA method, Wells's seat. The data were processed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, relative frequency) and inferential. The analysis of the attitudes of different segments was observed that no position was considered acceptable, it means, all postures generate risk on health of the worker. It is thus a negative profile of employees of this study with regard to the complaint of pain and discomfort body postures and biomechanical overload during task performance and level of body flexibility, which separately or together may cause risks to health worker possibly affecting their performance and quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Posture , Occupational Health , Ergonomics , Occupational Groups , Pain , Brazil , Weight-Bearing , Movement
12.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 48(4): 446-454, Octubre 27, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957485

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Back pain is a significant public health problem, its prevalence among college students is high, 30 - 70%; Its association with the sitting position in workers has been reported, but its study in university populations is limited. Objective: To evaluate the association between sitting posture with back pain among college students. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Explanatory variables: sociodemographic characteristics, adequate lighting in the classroom, sitting posture and type of chair. Outcome variables: neck or back pain the day of the survey, acute and chronic. Log-binomial regression models estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% CI. Results: 516 students from health deparment, age 21.3 ± 2.6 years, 69.2% women, 29,5% were in third year; 72,8% belong to middle socioeconomical level (3 and 4); and 18,4% of the students had an additional working activity. 87,8% of the classrooms had adequate lighting. Sitting posture with rounded back, feet supported on another chair and crossed legs was associated with neck pain the day of the survey (PR: 2.84), acute (PR: 2.41) and chronic (PR: 4.13). Other sitting posture with rounded back and crossed leg was associated with back pain the day of the survey (PR: 1.81) and acute (PR: 2.0). The screen time at the computer was associated with the outcome variables (PR 1.01 - 2.08). Conclusion: The results support the implementation of policies and institutional projects in order to prevent and control the back pain in college students.


Introducción: El dolor de espalda es un problema importante de salud pública, su prevalencia en estudiantes universitarios está entre el 30 al 70%; su asociacion con la postura sentada en trabajadores ha sido reportada, pero en poblacion universitaria su estudio es limitado. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la postura en sentado con el dolor de espalda en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Variables explicatorias: características sociodemográficas, iluminación del salón de clase, postura en sedente y tipo de silla. Variables de salida: dolor de cuello o espalda el día de la encuesta, agudo y crónico. Modelos de regresión log-binomial estimaron las razones de prevalencia (RP) y sus IC95%. Resultados: Participaron 516 estudiantes de la facultad de salud, edad 21,3±2,6 años, 69,2% mujeres, 29,5% estaban en tercer año; y el 72,8% pertenecía a los estratos socioeconómicos 3 y 4, con un 18,4% de los estudiantes, que además de estudiar desarrollaban actividades laborales. El 87,8% de los salones de clase presentan iluminación adecuada. La postura en sedente con espalda redondeada, pies en otra superficie y pierna cruzada se asoció con dolor de cuello el día de la encuesta (RP: 2,84), agudo (RP: 2,41) y crónico (RP: 4,13). Otra postura sentada con espalda redondeada y una pierna cruzada se asoció con dolor de espalda el día de la encuesta (RP: 1,81) y agudo (RP: 2,0). El tiempo en computador se asoció con las variables de salida (RP 1.01 - 2,08). Conclusión: Los resultados apoyan la implementación de políticas y proyectos institucionales dirigidos a prevenir y controlar el dolor de espalda en universitarios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Posture , Students , Back Pain , Neck Pain , Ergonomics
13.
Rev. bras. med. trab ; 14(2): 115-119, maio.-ago. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1805

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O alumínio é um metal proveniente da bauxita, sendo o Brasil um importante produtor mundial. Estudos descrevem distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho entre trabalhadores que transformam o alumínio em produto para consumo. Objetivo: Avaliar as condições ergonômicas e as queixas osteomusculares em trabalhadores metalúrgicos de alumínio. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em indústria transformadora de alumínio na cidade de Embu das Artes, São Paulo. Foram aplicados checklists para a avaliação simplificada do risco de lombalgia e para a avaliação simplificada do risco de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos de membros superiores relacionados ao trabalho no setor de coquilha da empresa. Os 38 trabalhadores do setor responderam ao Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO). Resultados: O posto de trabalho apresenta um risco moderado para agravamento/desencadeamento de lombalgia e distúrbios musculoesqueléticos de membros superiores relacionados ao trabalho. Nos últimos 12 meses, 15,8% dos trabalhadores se queixaram de dores lombares, e, nos últimos sete dias, 5,3% relataram queixas de dores em punhos/mãos/dedos. Conclusão: Condições biomecânicas do trabalho podem estar relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de queixas osteomusculares. A gestão dos riscos ocupacionais nesse ramo industrial se faz necessária para promover produtividade e qualidade de vida entre os trabalhadores.


Background: Aluminum is a metal from bauxite and Brazil is a major producer worldwide. Studies describe work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in aluminum industry. Objectives: Evaluating ergonomic conditions and musculoskeletal complaints among workers in aluminum metallurgy. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in manufacturing aluminum in Embu das Artes, São Paulo. Checklists were applied to simplified evaluation of the risk of low back pain and simplified evaluation of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs related to work in a specific sector. The 38-sector workers answered to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Results: The ergonomic conditions present moderate risk for low back pain and upper limb disorders. In the last 12 months, 15.8% of workers complained of back pain and in the last seven days, 5.3% of workers reported complaints of pain in wrists/hands/fingers. Conclusion: Biomechanical conditions of work can be related to musculoskeletal complaints. The management of occupational hazards in this branch of industry is needed to promote productivity and quality of life among workers.


Subject(s)
Occupational Risks , Occupational Health/standards , Ergonomics , Metallurgy/standards , Musculoskeletal System/physiopathology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study
14.
Rev. bras. med. trab ; 14(2): 143-152, maio.-ago. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1830

ABSTRACT

Contexto: Apresenta-se um método de intervenção ergonômica, em que são investigadas as condições psicofisiológicas do trabalho de operários em postos de trabalho em indústria de aço inox. Objetivo: Avaliar as condições de trabalho e propor sugestões que viabilizem um ambiente de trabalho ergonômico. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo obtido a partir de levantamento de dados de 47 funcionários oriundos de uma metalúrgica de aço inox, em São Luís, Maranhão, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2011, através de visita técnica. Resultados: Nos postos de trabalhos observados neste estudo, o tipo de tarefa exercida é de livre postura, ora estando em pé, ora estando sentado ou semissentado. O tipo de banco utilizado é questionável, pois não possui nenhum encosto. Os problemas observados foram: acidentário e arquitetural, devido à falta de planejamento de espaços e ambientação agradáveis ao trabalho; biológico, pela sujeira acumulada e não adequação às normas de higiene; físico-ambiental, pela falta de iluminação suficiente para execução principalmente de trabalhos que requerem precisão; interfacial, sendo observadas as bancadas de trabalho e principalmente os bancos sem qualquer tipo de apoios para execução das tarefas; químico-ambiental, pela falta de limpeza no local de trabalho, expondo diariamente o trabalhador a substâncias pesadas prejudiciais à saúde. Conclusão: A pesquisa demonstra a fragilidade das condições de trabalho em uma empresa de São Luís. É importante realizar mudanças com vistas à garantia de melhores condições de serviço, de acordo com a ergonomia.


Context: We present a method for ergonomic intervention, in which the psychophysiological work conditions of workers of the stainless steel industry are investigated. Objective: To assess the working conditions and propose suggestions that enable an ergonomic work environment. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study obtained from survey data of 47 employees from a stainless steel metallurgical in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, from January to December 2011, trough technical visit. Results: In the workstations observed in this study, the body posture is free posture, sometimes in standing position, sitting or semi-sitting. The type of bank used is questionable, as there is no backrest. The observed problems were: accidental and architectural, due to the lack of planning space and pleasant ambience to work; biological, due to accumulated dirt and non compliance to hygiene standards; physical and environmental, due to the lack of sufficient lighting especially in jobs that require precision; interfacial, with work benches and especially banks without any kind of support for the execution of tasks; chemical and environmental, due to the lack of a clean workplace, exposing the worker to heavy substances harmful to health on a daily baisis. Conclusion: The study shows the fragility of working conditions in a company of São Luís. It is important to make changes in order to guarantee better conditions of service, according to ergonomics.


Subject(s)
Working Conditions , Medical Examination , Ergonomics/standards , Data Collection , Industry/standards
15.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-178114

ABSTRACT

Context: The substantial knowledge concerning ergonomics and its practical application is vital for forestalling musculoskeletal disorders. The role of equipment ergonomics (EE) in preventing these work‑related ailments is significantly noteworthy. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevailing perception of postgraduates (PGs) and interns regarding EE and preparing the Indian dental workforce for the challenges of India’s growing economy and population. Settings and Design: Authors conducted a cross‑sectional survey between December 2013 and February 2014 amidst the interns and PG dental students of Davangere city, Karnataka, India. Subjects and Methods: The data were collected using 21‑item custom designed proforma, comprising of questions evaluating student’s basic knowledge about EE. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was done using Chi‑square test in each group (PGs and interns) and Mann–Whitney test was implemented for comparison between both groups. Results: Of 358 subjects surveyed, 48% PGs and 52% interns affirmed that they came across EE only through this survey. In addition, 91.18% of PGs and 90.59% interns believed that the accentuation on EE is less in the current dental curriculum. Conclusions: Comprehensive understanding and practical application of EE among the participants was found to be lacking. The importance of microbreaks and chair side exercises should be emphasized and training should be initiated at an early stage before improper postural habits develop.

16.
Rev. colomb. rehabil ; 15(1): 76-82, 2016. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-913047

ABSTRACT

Se realizó una revisión descriptiva de la evolución de la ergonomía participativa como estrategia de intervención, su progreso conceptual y metodológico desde sus inicios de aplicación a la ac- tualidad. La revisión se realizó a partir de estrategias de consulta que incluyeron las siguientes: 1) consulta de seis bases de datos, 2) seis principales revistas científicas y 3) selección de cuatro libros especializados. Se seleccionaron 70 artículos potenciales clasificados como bibliografía exploratoria. Se establecieron como criterios de selección los siguientes: artículos científicos o libros especializados y tema central ergonomía participativa aplicada. De acuerdo con estos cri- terios se determinó como bibliografía pertinente y relevante 37 publicaciones, las cuales fueron analizadas a la luz de la evolución de la ergonomía participativa. Como conclusión se determinó que la ergonomía participativa puede ubicarse como una subárea de la Macroergonomía en cons- tante evolución que llega a considerarse por distintos autores como filosofía, modelo, enfoque, estrategia o metodología. Es necesario revisar la evidencia científica para desarrollar un concepto más acertado, que le permita a la ergonomía participativa ser parte integral en cada una de las dimensiones de la ergonomía.


This article is a descriptive review about the evolution of participatory ergonomics intervention strategy, its conceptual and methodological progress since its formation to its present applica- tion. The research was done throughout consultation strategies which included the following: 1) six databases, 2) six major scientific journals and 3) four specialized books. 70 potential articles were selected as exploratory literature. The selection criteria were focused on scientific articles or specialized books whose principal subject was participatory applied ergonomics. According to these criteria, 37 publications were chosen and analyzed focusing on the evolution of participa- tory ergonomics. In conclusion it was determined that participatory ergonomics can be classified as a subarea of Macroergonomics which is evolving continuously and is considered by different authors as philosophy, model, approach, strategy or methodology. It is necessary to review the scientific evidence to develop a most accurate concept that allows the participatory ergonomics to be an integral part in each of the dimensions of ergonomics.


Subject(s)
Humans , Work Engagement , Ergonomics , Methodology as a Subject , Research
17.
Cienc. Trab ; 17(54): 171-176, dic. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772272

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: la identificación y evaluación de factores de riesgo relacionados a trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) representa la base para una efectiva adaptación de las condiciones de trabajo. OBJETIVO: evaluar los principales factores de riesgo biomecánico y psicosocial a los que se exponen trabajadores de la industria cárnica. Método: el estudio es descriptivo, transversal, basado en observación directa, encuestas y análisis de videos, para la aplicación de las metodologías RULA, OCRA, ecuación de NIOSH, ERGO y CoPsoQ-ISTAS21, sobre 71 tareas. RESULTADOS: el mayor riesgo postural recae en tareas de embutido y empaque, alcanzándose puntajes RULA de 7. En cuanto a repetitividad destaca el empaque de productos cocidos con 60% de sus tareas en nivel medio. Los mayores riesgos por levantamiento de cargas se ubicaron en las áreas de embutido, con índices inaceptables entre 25% y 50% de sus tareas. En empujes y arrastres de cargas, cinco de las seis áreas presentaron niveles inaceptables de riesgo. Los factores psicosociales de inseguridad, doble presencia, estima y exigencias psicológicas fueron percibidos negativamente por más del 50% de los trabajadores. DISCUSIÓN: entre las principales causantes de los altos niveles de riesgo destacan: levantamiento de productos por encima de hombros, realización de actividades manuales de pre-empaque y el empuje manual de contenedores pesados. CONCLUSIONES: el sector analizado reúne niveles de riesgo biomecánico y psicosocial que lo hace vulnerable a la aparición de TME.


INTRODUCTION: the identification and assessment of risk factors related to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) is the basis for an effective adaptation of working conditions. OBJECTIVE: the aim is to evaluate the main biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors in workers of a meat processing industry. METHOD: the study is descriptive, transversal, based on direct observation, surveys and analysis of videos, for the application of the methodologies RULA, OCRA, NIOSH's equation, ERGO and CoPsoQ-ISTAS21, about 71 tasks. RESULTS: the greater postural risk is in task of inlay and packaging, which reach RULA's scores of 7. In terms of repeatability, the packaging of products cooked stand out with 60% of its tasks at moderate level. The greatest risks by lifting were located in the inlay areas, with unacceptable rates between 25% and 50% of its tasks. Five of the six areas showed unacceptable levels of risk in push and drag. The psychosocial factors: insecurity, double presence, esteem and psychological demands were perceived negatively by more than 50% of the workers. DISCUSSION: the main causes of the high levels of risk include: lifting of products above shoulders, manual activities of pre-packaging and the manual pushing of heavy containers. CONCLUSIONS: the meat industry has biomechanical and psychosocial risk levels that make it vulnerable to MSD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Meat Industry , Muscular Diseases/epidemiology , Posture , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Stress, Psychological/prevention & control , Venezuela , Working Conditions , Biomechanical Phenomena , Accidents, Occupational/prevention & control , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Occupational Exposure , Occupational Health , Lifting , Product Packaging , Ergonomics , Muscular Diseases/prevention & control
18.
Fisioter. mov ; 28(4): 779-791, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770299

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective : the aim of this paper was to assess and describe the various tasks of the jobs of servant of construction, bricklayer, painter and charge of construction in the civil construction to determine the profile of workers with disabilities who could perform these functions and what adjustments are needed. Methods : this research it is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative approach. Direct observation of the activities performed at the construction site in each of the jobs evaluated and the environment; interviews with two workers each function evaluated, except painter there was only one worker, a civil engineer and a safety technician to describe detailed, together, as they were carried out each of the required tasks; a video and photographic record of tasks being carried out to analyze the jobs, ErgoDis/IBV software resources were used. At the time the research was conducted in the field, were working a total of 1,547 employees. Results : It was observed that workers with hearing impairments could perform the activities without any adaptations in the workplace and individuals who had had a leg or foot amputated need to use appropriate prostheses to perform the activities of the functions. Conclusion : only workers with full or partial hearing impairment could perform all the jobs analyzed without any accommodation in the workplace and individuals with amputation of leg or foot may only perform tasks using appropriate aids.


Resumo Objetivo : o objetivo do artigo foi avaliar e descrever as diversas tarefas dos postos de trabalho do servente, pedreiro, pintor letrista e encarregado de turma da construção civil para determinar o perfil dos trabalhadores com deficiência que poderiam exercer essas funções e quais as adaptações necessárias. Métodos : esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Foi utilizada observação direta das atividades realizadas no canteiro de obras em cada uma das funções avaliadas e do ambiente; entrevistas com dois trabalhadores de cada uma das funções avaliadas, com exceção do pintor letrista, que só havia um trabalhador, o trabalhador com deficiência, um engenheiro civil da obra e um técnico de segurança para descrever detalhadamente, em conjunto, como eram realizadas cada uma das tarefas prescritas; registro em vídeo e fotográfico da execução das tarefas e, para análise dos postos de trabalho, foram utilizados os recursos do software ErgoDis/IBV. No momento em que foi realizada a pesquisa de campo, estavam trabalhando na obra um total de 1.547 funcionários. Resultados : observou-se que os trabalhadores com deficiência auditiva poderiam exercer as atividades avaliadas sem nenhuma adaptação no ambiente de trabalho e que, para indivíduos com amputação de perna ou pé, seriam necessárias algumas adaptações. Considerações finais : apenas os trabalhadores com deficiência auditiva total e parcial poderiam exercer todas as funções analisadas sem nenhuma mudança no ambiente de trabalho e que os indivíduos com amputação de perna ou pé somente poderão exercer as tarefas nos postos de trabalho avaliados se utilizarem próteses adequadas.

19.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 43(4): 331-339, Oct.-Dec. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959762

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Performing ultrasound-guided nerve blocks has proven to be safe, but ergonomic considerations are essential. Methods: A non-systematic literature search was conducted in the Medline/Pubmed and Embase databases. Objective: To describe the influence of operator position, monitor location, and hand position in performing ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. Results: Poor ergonomics is a key factor of error when performing nerve blocks under ultrasound guidance. "In-plane" needle insertion increases success. An inappropriate position may be a cause of muscle-skeletal disorders. Based on these results, we propose specific element location and operator position for the performance of certain nerve blocks. Conclusion:Performing ultrasound-guided nerve blocks requires an ergonomic work area allowing for greater comfort and effectiveness, thus reducing the occurrence of muscle-skeletal disorders.


Introducción: Los bloqueos guiados por ultrasonografía han demostrado ser eficaces, pero requieren considerar aspectos como la ergonomía. Objetivo: Describir influencia de la postura del operador, ubicación del monitor y posición de las manos, al realizar bloqueos con ultrasonografía. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda no sistemática de literatura en Medline/Pubmed y Embase. Resultados: Una mala ergonomía es un factor de error al realizar bloqueos con ultrasonido. La inserción de la aguja "en plano" aumenta el éxito. Una posición inapropiada puede producir trastornosmusculo-esqueléticos en el operador. Basados en esto, se propone una ubicación de elementos y posición del operador para realizar algunos bloqueos. Conclusión: Realizar bloqueos con ultrasonido requiere un área de trabajo ergonómica para lograr mayor eficacia, y disminuir aparición de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos.


Subject(s)
Humans
20.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 23(3): 323-329, jul.-set. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-766388

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivos Identificar aspectos biomecânicos de risco para síndrome do manguito rotador (SMR) e analisar os fatores associados aos quadros encontrados entre trabalhadores de montagem de caminhões. Materiais e métodos Estudo transversal analítico em montadora de caminhões da Grande São Paulo no ano de 2013. Foi realizada avaliação ergonômica dos postos de trabalho com aplicação da ferramenta OWAS (Ovako Working posture Assessment System). Entre os 79 funcionários que participaram da pesquisa, foram considerados casos de SMR quando havia relato de queixas álgicas nos ombros na última semana e a manobra semiológica específica era positiva. Resultados Nove dos 12 postos de trabalho analisados requerem biomecânica de elevação de membros superiores acima do nível dos ombros. A ferramenta ergonômica indica a necessidade de medidas corretivas imediatas em cinco postos de trabalho. O perfil dos participantes era: sexo masculino, idade média de 35 anos e tempo médio de trabalho na empresa de 7,83 anos. A SMR foi detectada em 17,7% dos participantes. O desfecho esteve associado à idade e ao tempo de trabalho na empresa. Conclusão A atividade de trabalho pode levar ao desenvolvimento de SMR em trabalhadores. Os mais velhos e os com maior tempo de trabalho na empresa são os grupos que devem ser acompanhados de forma mais frequente a fim de diagnóstico precoce de casos.


Abstract Objectives To identify biomechanical risk factors for rotator cuff syndrome (RCS) and analyze factors associated with cases found among truck assembly workers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in an automaker of trucks in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo in 2013. Ergonomics evaluation of workstations was performed using OWAS. Among 79 workers who participated in the study, RCS cases were those who reported pain complaints in the shoulders during the past week and whose RCS´s specific physical evaluation was positive. Results Nine of the 12 workstations analyzed require biomechanics of the upper limbs with lifting above shoulder level. The ergonomic tool indicates the need for immediate corrective action in five workstations. The profile of the participants was as follows: male, mean age of 35 years, average working time in the company of 7.83 years. RCS was found in 17.7% of the participants. The outcome was associated with age and working time in the company. Conclusion Workers who perform this activity can develop RCS. Older employees and those who have worked longer in the company are the groups that should be evaluated more frequently so that early diagnosis can be achieved.

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